# GEO Casa Wiki

> An evidence-graded wiki on SEO, GEO and AI search. Every claim is labelled with an evidence level (officially documented, research-backed, observed, hypothesis, disputed) and linked to its source.

Each entry is also available as Markdown by replacing the trailing slash of its URL with `.md`. Chinese translations live under /zh-cn/.

## Best Practices

- [Best Practices](https://geo.casa/best-practices.md): Complete GEO strategies for one situation each: a WordPress site, a brand starting from zero, a local business, a team in China or abroad. Read one article for the whole route; follow links for the details.
- [A 90-day GEO plan for a company brand, starting from zero](https://geo.casa/best-practices/brand-from-zero.md): Spend the first 90 days building a baseline and fixing foundations, not chasing mentions. Measure where you stand, make sure AI search can reach your site, rework a few key pages, and get listed accurately where third parties compare your category. Expect visible movement after month three.
- [Before you hire a GEO agency](https://geo.casa/best-practices/choose-agency.md): A credible GEO provider sells measurable work, such as baselines, content and technical fixes, and repeatable re-tests. It does not sell guaranteed AI rankings. Start with a small paid pilot, write sampling rules, deliverables, data ownership and banned tactics into the contract, and judge results on shares measured over many runs.
- [Cross-border brands: splitting GEO between China and abroad](https://geo.casa/best-practices/cross-border.md): The two markets share almost no AI platforms or sources, so treat them as two programmes on one set of facts. Give each language its own URL, open each market's crawlers, write natively for each, and build third-party presence where each market's assistants read. Measure each market separately.
- [For content editors: writing articles AI answers can quote](https://geo.casa/best-practices/content-editor.md): Write something only you can write, then make it easy to lift. Answer the question in the first paragraph, use descriptive headings, give numbers with sources, sign and date the piece honestly. Google says there is no need to chop pages into fragments for AI.
- [For marketing leads: measuring GEO and reporting it upward](https://geo.casa/best-practices/measure-report.md): No single number measures GEO. Combine the platforms' own AI reports, AI referral traffic in analytics, and a fixed prompt panel run enough times to be meaningful. Report trends with ranges and sample sizes, tie them to leads where you can, and never promise rankings or a fixed position in AI answers.
- [GEO best practices for a WordPress site](https://geo.casa/best-practices/wordpress.md): Most WordPress GEO problems are settings, not content. Check the search visibility box, the robots.txt your plugins write, and any firewall or CDN that blocks bots. Then keep one sitemap and one structured data source, and measure from logs and search reports.
- [GEO best practices for documentation sites and developer products](https://geo.casa/best-practices/developer-docs.md): AI tools quote docs they can fetch as plain text and match to the right version. Allow search and user-fetch crawlers, serve every page as server-rendered HTML with a Markdown twin, keep one canonical URL per version, and treat llms.txt as a cheap convenience rather than a ranking lever.
- [GEO best practices for technical and SEO leads](https://geo.casa/best-practices/technical-lead.md): AI search can only cite pages it can reach, read and quote. Check indexing, crawler tokens, CDN and firewall rules, snippet controls and server rendering, then confirm verified crawler visits in the logs. Turn the checks into automated tests so a deploy or a CDN default change cannot silently undo them.
- [GEO for healthcare, legal and financial businesses](https://geo.casa/best-practices/regulated-industries.md): In health, money and law, an inaccurate AI answer can hurt people, and an over-promising page can break advertising law. Put compliance review first, publish verifiable facts with named experts and dates, keep content balanced, and keep it current. Promotional content that dodges ad review is the main legal risk.
- [GEO for local businesses](https://geo.casa/best-practices/local-business.md): Nobody can guarantee that an AI assistant recommends your shop first. Make your business easy to find and identify. Keep one accurate name and set of details on every map and review platform, earn genuine reviews, look after the pages others publish about you, and measure the share of answers that mention you.
- [GEO in China: Doubao, Yuanbao, Qwen, ERNIE, DeepSeek and Kimi](https://geo.casa/best-practices/china-platforms.md): Chinese assistants each lean on their own group's content, and few sources are shared between them. Test in the real apps, publish in each ecosystem your customers use, keep the search engines able to crawl you, and look after third-party pages. Everything here is observed, not documented, so re-test often.
- [GEO outside China: Google AI Overviews, ChatGPT, Perplexity and Copilot](https://geo.casa/best-practices/global-platforms.md): Each product has its own gate. Google AI features need an indexed, snippet-eligible page; ChatGPT search needs OAI-SearchBot; Perplexity needs PerplexityBot; Copilot draws on Bing's index and live searches. Open all four gates, then build content and third-party coverage, and measure with the two official reports.
- [JavaScript sites (Next.js, Vue and others): making sure AI crawlers can read your content](https://geo.casa/best-practices/javascript-sites.md): Googlebot renders JavaScript, but a 2024 study found the major AI crawlers did not. Put the main content, links and metadata in the server HTML using SSR, static generation or pre-rendering. Then verify with a no-JavaScript fetch and server logs.
- [Minimum viable GEO for one person with a few hours a week](https://geo.casa/best-practices/minimum-viable.md): With little time, do the things platforms actually document. Make sure AI search can reach and quote your pages, fix your few most important pages, then spend the rest on original, useful content and a small monthly measurement routine. Skip special AI files and rewrite schemes.
- [New brands: why AI doesn't mention you yet, and what to do first](https://geo.casa/best-practices/new-brand.md): AI answers favour brands the web already writes about, and a model may know nothing about you. Make your site reachable and unambiguous first, publish one clear facts page, then win narrow questions and your first independent coverage. Measure with enough repeats, because small brands appear unevenly.
- [Online stores (Shopify and others): getting products recommended and cited by AI shopping](https://geo.casa/best-practices/ecommerce.md): AI shopping draws on three sources: crawled pages, product feeds and your live site. Keep all three reachable, complete and in agreement on price and stock. Write product pages that answer real buyer questions, and earn genuine reviews instead of inventing them.
- [PR and brand teams: how press, encyclopedias, Q&A sites and reviews shape AI answers](https://geo.casa/best-practices/pr-earned-media.md): AI answers lean on what others publish about you, so earned coverage matters. Find which sources answers in your category cite, then earn real coverage, reviews and encyclopedia entries under each platform's rules. Paid placements, undisclosed edits and fake reviews break platform policies and, in China, count as AI data poisoning.
- [When AI gets your brand wrong: find it, fix it, prevent it](https://geo.casa/best-practices/wrong-ai-answers.md): Most wrong answers trace back to a source: an outdated page, a third-party listing, a confused entity or a model's training cutoff. Fix the source first, then use platform feedback channels, which are limited. Prevent repeats with one maintained facts page and regular checks.

## Foundations

- [Foundations](https://geo.casa/foundations.md): The concepts the rest of the wiki builds on — what GEO is, how Google describes helpful content and E-E-A-T — each checked against primary sources.
- [Claim: Google penalizes AI-generated content](https://geo.casa/foundations/ai-generated-content.md): Google does not penalize content for being AI-written; appropriate use of AI is not against its guidelines. What breaks its spam policies is generating content primarily to manipulate rankings. Mass-producing AI pages that add no value counts as scaled content abuse.
- [E-E-A-T](https://geo.casa/foundations/e-e-a-t.md): E-E-A-T is not a specific ranking factor. It names aspects of helpful content (experience, expertise, authoritativeness, trustworthiness) that Google's systems identify through a mix of signals. Trust matters most, and quality raters' assessments are not used directly in ranking.
- [Generative Engine Optimization (GEO)](https://geo.casa/foundations/geo.md): GEO is the practice of improving how often and how accurately content is surfaced and cited in AI-generated answers. The term comes from a 2023 research paper; Google's position is that optimizing for its generative AI features is still SEO.
- [GEO regulation in China](https://geo.casa/foundations/geo-regulation-china.md): China has not banned GEO; it targets fabricated content fed to models. The CAC's April 2026 Qinglang campaign lists GEO for malicious marketing as AI data poisoning, and AI content must be labeled since 1 September 2025. In the US, the FTC bans fake, bought and insider reviews.
- [Google Search Essentials](https://geo.casa/foundations/search-essentials.md): Google Search Essentials has three parts: technical requirements most sites already pass, spam policies that can demote or remove pages, and key best practices. Meeting all of them still does not guarantee crawling, indexing or serving.
- [How Google Search works](https://geo.casa/foundations/how-google-search-works.md): Google Search works in three stages: crawling, indexing and serving. Not every page makes it through each. Google does not guarantee any stage or accept payment to crawl or rank pages. AI Overviews and AI Mode draw on the same index.
- [People-first content](https://geo.casa/foundations/people-first-content.md): People-first content is created primarily for people, not to manipulate rankings, and Google publishes self-assessment questions for it. Warning signs include mass content on many topics, extensive automation and writing to a word count. Google says it has no preferred word count.

## Crawling & Indexing

- [Crawling & Indexing](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing.md): How search engines and AI crawlers discover, fetch and index pages — robots.txt, canonical URLs, hreflang and sitemaps, each checked against official documentation.
- [Canonical URL signals](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/canonical-signals.md): Redirects, rel="canonical" and sitemap inclusion all tell Google which duplicate URL you prefer. Google treats them as signals and picks the canonical itself. Redirects and rel="canonical" are both strong signals, with redirects listed first; sitemaps are weak.
- [Claim: Duplicate content gets your site penalized](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/duplicate-content-penalty.md): Google says some duplicate content on a site is normal and does not violate its spam policies. Google clusters duplicates and shows one canonical version, so the others are filtered out rather than penalized. Copying other sites' content without adding value is different: the scraping spam policy covers it.
- [Configure robots.txt for AI crawlers](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/robots-txt-ai-crawlers.md): Treat search crawlers and training crawlers as separate decisions. Blocking a search crawler such as OAI-SearchBot removes you from that product's answers; blocking a training token such as GPTBot or Google-Extended does not affect search inclusion.
- [Crawl budget](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/crawl-budget.md): Most sites can ignore crawl budget, which is set by crawl capacity limit and crawl demand. Google's guide targets very large or fast-changing sites: 1 million+ pages changing weekly, or 10,000+ changing daily. Other sites only need an up-to-date sitemap and a regular look at the Page Indexing report.
- [Crawler documentation changes](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/documentation-changes.md): A dated record of changes to official crawler documentation from Google, OpenAI and the IETF, found by this wiki's weekly source checks. Each change says whether the substance we cite changed or only the location.
- [Google-Extended](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/google-extended.md): Google-Extended is a robots.txt product token, not a separate crawler. It controls whether content Google crawls may be used to train Gemini models and for grounding in Gemini Apps and Vertex AI. Google states it does not affect inclusion or ranking in Google Search, which includes AI Overviews and AI Mode.
- [Keep a page out of Google](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/keep-out-of-google.md): To keep a page out of Google Search, use noindex and leave the page crawlable. robots.txt alone can't do it, because Google must crawl the page to see noindex. For permanent removal, delete or protect the content; the Removals tool hides a page within a day, but only for about six months.
- [Mobile-first indexing](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/mobile-first-indexing.md): Google indexes and ranks the mobile version of a page, crawled with its smartphone agent. Responsive design avoids mismatches because both versions share the same HTML. With dynamic serving or separate mobile URLs, the mobile version needs the same content, headings, robots meta tags, structured data and metadata as desktop, without hiding primary content behind interaction.
- [Move a site to new URLs](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/site-moves.md): Map old URLs to new ones with permanent (301 or 308) redirects, avoid chains, and keep redirects generally at least a year. For a new domain, submit Change of Address for every verified variant of the old domain. Expect ranking fluctuation for a few weeks or more; 301s don't lose PageRank.
- [robots.txt](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/robots-txt.md): robots.txt tells crawlers which URL paths they may fetch, and is standardised as RFC 9309. It controls crawling, not indexing. A disallowed URL can still be indexed without its content if other pages link to it.
- [Set up hreflang for translated pages](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/hreflang.md): Add an hreflang annotation on each language version listing every version, including itself. Annotations must be reciprocal, use valid language (and optional region) codes, and point at canonical, indexable URLs.
- [Snippet controls for AI Overviews and AI Mode](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/snippet-controls.md): Google's robots meta rules apply to AI Overviews and AI Mode. nosnippet stops a page's content being a direct input, max-snippet limits how much is used, data-nosnippet excludes parts of a page and noindex removes the page from Search. To leave AI features but keep classic results, use Search Console's site-wide Search generative AI control.
- [URL structure](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/url-structure.md): Google requires URLs that follow IETF STD 66, don't change content via fragments, and use = and & for parameters. It recommends descriptive words in the audience's language, hyphens over underscores, few parameters and one case, since URLs are case sensitive. Parameter combinations such as additive filters can create floods of near-duplicate URLs that waste crawling.
- [XML sitemaps](https://geo.casa/crawling-indexing/xml-sitemaps.md): A sitemap helps Google discover URLs, but does not guarantee crawling or indexing; well-linked sites may not need one. Each file is limited to 50 MB uncompressed or 50,000 URLs. Google ignores priority and changefreq, and uses lastmod only when it is consistently and verifiably accurate.

## Content & Structured Data

- [Content & Structured Data](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data.md): What Google documents about structured data for search and AI features — and what it does not promise.
- [Article structured data](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/article-structured-data.md): Google supports Article, NewsArticle and BlogPosting markup for article pages. No properties are required; author, dates, headline and images are recommended. Google says the markup can help show better titles, images and dates, and that Top stories eligibility needs no markup.
- [Breadcrumb structured data](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/breadcrumb-structured-data.md): A BreadcrumbList shows where a page sits in a site's hierarchy. It needs at least two ListItems with position and name, plus item on every crumb except the last. Google recommends a typical user path over mirroring the URL, and the display appears on desktop.
- [Claim: content must be chunked and rewritten for AI search](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/chunking-content.md): Google lists "chunking" content and rewriting it just for AI among things site owners can ignore for Google Search. Its systems understand multiple topics on a page and synonyms, so you don't need every long-tail variation. There is no ideal page length; shorter or longer pages can both work.
- [Favicons in Google Search](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/favicon.md): Google shows one favicon per hostname, read from a link element on the home page, so subdirectory home pages can't have their own. The file must be square, at least 8×8px, in BMP, GIF, ICO, PNG, JPEG, PPM or TIFF, stable and crawlable. Even then, display isn't guaranteed.
- [Google spam policies](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/spam-policies.md): Google defines spam as deceiving users or manipulating Search, including generative AI responses; violations can lower rankings or remove a site. The policies GEO tactics most often hit are cloaking, hidden text, keyword stuffing, doorway pages, link spam, scaled content abuse and site reputation abuse. Accordions, tabs and screen-reader text are not hidden-text abuse.
- [Image SEO](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/image-seo.md): Google finds images in the src attribute of img elements and does not index CSS images. Alt text should be descriptive and in context, not stuffed with keywords; Google reads it alongside computer vision and the page content. High-quality images and video still matter for Google's AI features.
- [Link best practices](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/link-best-practices.md): Google can generally only crawl links that are anchor elements with an href; JavaScript-only links may not be followed. Anchor text should be descriptive, concise and relevant. Every page you care about should be linked from at least one other page on your site, and there is no ideal number of links per page.
- [Organization structured data](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/organization-structured-data.md): Organization markup on a home page can help Google understand an organization's administrative details and disambiguate it in search results. Some properties can influence the logo shown and the knowledge panel, and none are required. Google recommends the home page or one "about" page, using the most specific Organization subtype.
- [Scaled content abuse](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/scaled-content-abuse.md): Scaled content abuse is Google's spam policy against generating many pages mainly to manipulate rankings, however the content is made. Examples include mass-generated AI pages without added value and scraped or auto-translated content. Google applies it to pages made for AI search too, such as one page per fan-out query.
- [Site reputation and expired domain abuse](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/site-reputation-abuse.md): The site reputation policy covers third-party content placed on a host site mainly to exploit its ranking signals; third-party content alone is fine. Since August 2026, such pages in the EEA may be ranked separately instead of getting a manual action. Expired domain abuse repurposes an expired domain for low-value content.
- [Structured data and AI search](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/structured-data-ai-search.md): Google says no special schema.org markup is needed to appear in AI Overviews or AI Mode. Structured data remains useful for rich results, where Google recommends JSON-LD, requires the markup to describe content visible on the page, and does not guarantee display. Whether markup changes AI citations is unestablished.
- [Title links and snippets](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/title-links-snippets.md): Google generates title links and snippets automatically and can't change them by hand for individual sites. Title links draw on the title element, visible title, headings, og:title and other prominent text. Snippets come mainly from page content, sometimes the meta description; neither has a length limit, but both are truncated.
- [Video SEO](https://geo.casa/content-structured-data/video-seo.md): A video can be indexed only if its watch page is indexed and performing well in Search. The video must be embedded, visible and have a valid thumbnail at a stable URL. Video results and key moments need a watch page built around one video, loaded without URL fragments or user interaction.

## AI Search Platforms

- [AI Search Platforms](https://geo.casa/ai-search.md): How Google AI Overviews, AI Mode, ChatGPT search and other answer engines find and cite web pages — separated by what is documented and what is observed.
- [Claim: seeding brand mentions across the web boosts AI visibility](https://geo.casa/ai-search/inauthentic-mentions.md): Unsupported. Google says seeking inauthentic mentions "isn't as helpful as it might seem", because its core ranking systems focus on quality and other systems block spam. Its spam policies explicitly cover attempts to manipulate generative AI responses.
- [Google AI features vs ChatGPT search vs Perplexity](https://geo.casa/ai-search/ai-search-platforms.md): Google's AI features draw on Google's search index, and sites opt out with a Search Console control. ChatGPT search relies on OAI-SearchBot and Perplexity on PerplexityBot. OpenAI says blocking its bot keeps a site out of search answers; Perplexity only recommends allowing its bot to appear. Of the three, only Google documents a site-owner report, and user-triggered fetchers may ignore robots.txt.
- [Google AI Overviews](https://geo.casa/ai-search/google-ai-overviews.md): AI Overviews are AI-generated summaries shown on some Google results pages, with links to supporting pages. A page needs to be indexed and snippet-eligible, and the site must stay included in Search's generative AI features (the default). Traffic is reported inside Search Console's Web search type, and snippet controls apply.
- [Google Discover](https://geo.casa/ai-search/google-discover.md): Indexed content that meets Discover's content policies is automatically eligible for Discover, with no special markup, though eligibility is no guarantee. Google recommends large images at least 1200px wide and titles without clickbait. Discover traffic is less predictable than search traffic and should be treated as supplemental.
- [Google Search AI feature changes](https://geo.casa/ai-search/google-search-changes.md): A dated record of Google Search changes relevant to AI search, taken from Google's documentation updates and Search Console Help. It covers the Search generative AI control and report, the llms.txt clarification, spam policies covering AI responses, and the end of FAQ rich results.
- [Preferred sources](https://geo.casa/ai-search/preferred-sources.md): Users can mark sites as preferred sources in Google Search. Their content becomes more likely to appear in Top Stories and can carry a "preferred" badge in AI Mode and AI Overviews. Only domains and subdomains are eligible, and the AI features also require the site to be included in Search generative AI features.
- [Query fan-out](https://geo.casa/ai-search/query-fan-out.md): Query fan-out is Google's term for the related sub-queries its AI features issue in parallel to gather more supporting pages for an answer. Google documents the technique. It warns that producing separate pages for fan-out variations to manipulate rankings or AI responses violates its scaled content abuse policy.
- [Search generative AI control](https://geo.casa/ai-search/search-generative-ai-control.md): Since August 31, 2026, any site can use a Search Console setting to leave AI Overviews, AI Mode and Discover's generative AI features. Google states it is not a ranking or inclusion signal for the rest of Search and does not affect AI training. Exclusion takes effect within a few days.
- [Which sources Chinese AI assistants cite](https://geo.casa/ai-search/china-ai-platform-sources.md): Every study found that Chinese assistants favour their own group's content, and few sources are shared across platforms. Preferences shift; DeepSeek narrowed and then widened its sources within a year. The studies are mostly non-public vendor reports, so treat them as dated observations and test your own category and city.

## Measurement & Analytics

- [Measurement & Analytics](https://geo.casa/measurement.md): What search platforms let you measure about AI search — Search Console, Bing's AI Performance report — and what those numbers can and cannot show.
- [Bing AI Performance report](https://geo.casa/measurement/bing-ai-performance.md): Bing's AI Performance report counts how often your pages are cited in AI answers across Copilot, Bing AI summaries and select partners, with the grounding queries behind them. Microsoft says it does not measure rankings, authority or importance, and trends cannot be tied to a specific cause.
- [Claim: GEO tools can see your rankings inside Google's AI](https://geo.casa/measurement/third-party-ai-tools.md): False. Google states that no third-party tool has access to its internal ranking or AI systems. Its own AI visibility data is the Generative AI performance report in Search Console, though outside tools can still observe answers.
- [Generative AI performance report: AI Overviews and AI Mode in Search Console](https://geo.casa/measurement/search-console-ai-features.md): Search Console's Generative AI performance report, rolled out to all sites as of August 31, 2026, shows impressions from AI Overviews and AI Mode. AI feature traffic also stays in the overall Performance report under Web. Bing's AI Performance report counts citations instead.
- [Measuring AI visibility by sampling prompts](https://geo.casa/measurement/ai-visibility-measurement.md): AI visibility is a share of runs, so one run measures nothing. A 2025 study found results stabilise at about 30 runs, with 60 or more for low-visibility brands. Measure in the product customers use, since one 2026 test found DeepSeek recommended a brand in 69% of API runs but 1% of app runs. Separate category and brand-name prompts, and date every figure.
- [Page indexing report](https://geo.casa/measurement/page-indexing-report.md): The Page indexing report shows how many known URLs Google has indexed and why the rest aren't. Many exclusions, such as duplicates and noindex pages, are expected. Google says sites under 500 pages probably don't need it; use URL Inspection for a single page.
- [Search Console Performance report](https://geo.casa/measurement/performance-report.md): The Performance report shows clicks, impressions, CTR and average position in Google Search, for three months by default. Totals can differ because some views aggregate by property and others by page. Web search is split into text-based and multimodal searches, which include Lens and Circle to Search.
- [URL Inspection tool](https://geo.casa/measurement/url-inspection.md): URL Inspection shows Google's indexed version of one URL, including crawl, noindex and canonical status, and can live-test the current page. Neither view checks quality, manual actions or removals. "URL is on Google" means eligible, not guaranteed, and Request Indexing has a daily limit.

## Technical Implementation

- [Technical Implementation](https://geo.casa/implementation.md): How a site's implementation decides what crawlers can see: rendering, and telling real crawlers from impostors.
- [AI agents and your website](https://geo.casa/implementation/ai-agents.md): Browser agents read a site through screenshots, raw HTML and the accessibility tree. Google's web.dev guidance is to keep actions visible and semantic: real buttons and links, labelled inputs, no transparent overlays, elements larger than 8 square pixels and a stable layout. The same work helps human visitors.
- [HTTP status codes and crawlers](https://geo.casa/implementation/http-status-crawlers.md): 4xx URLs (except 429) are not indexed, and 401 or 403 should not be used to limit crawl rate. 5xx and 429 slow crawling, and indexed URLs are kept for a while before being dropped. A 2xx makes content eligible but doesn't guarantee indexing; 301 is a strong redirect signal, 302 a weak one.
- [JavaScript rendering and AI crawlers](https://geo.casa/implementation/javascript-rendering-ai-crawlers.md): Content that only appears after client-side rendering may be invisible to most AI crawlers. A December 2024 Vercel and MERJ study found OpenAI's, Anthropic's and Perplexity's crawlers did not execute JavaScript. Googlebot does render it with headless Chromium, in a queue after crawling.
- [Page experience and Core Web Vitals](https://geo.casa/implementation/page-experience.md): Core Web Vitals are among the signals Google's ranking systems use, but there is no single page experience signal. Good thresholds are LCP within 2.5 s, INP under 200 ms and CLS under 0.1. Good scores don't guarantee top rankings, and relevance can outweigh a sub-par page experience.
- [Verify AI crawler traffic in server logs](https://geo.casa/implementation/verify-ai-crawlers.md): User-agent strings can be faked, so count only verified crawler requests. Check Google with reverse-then-forward DNS or its published IP lists, and Baidu with reverse DNS. OpenAI, Perplexity and Anthropic publish IP lists for their crawlers.

## Playbooks & Experiments

- [Playbooks & Experiments](https://geo.casa/playbooks.md): Step-by-step procedures built from documented facts, and experiment designs for questions the documentation does not answer.
- [AI search access audit](https://geo.casa/playbooks/ai-search-access-audit.md): Before any content work, confirm AI search systems can reach a page. Run six documented checks: indexing and snippet eligibility, robots.txt, CDN and firewall, snippet restrictions, server-rendered content, and verified crawler visits in the logs.
- [Diagnose a page not indexed by Google](https://geo.casa/playbooks/page-not-indexed.md): Start with URL Inspection, then check robots.txt, noindex rules and Google's chosen canonical, in that order. Google never guarantees indexing, so a page can meet every requirement and still be left out. A page missing from the index is also missing from AI Overviews and AI Mode.
- [Does structured data change AI search citations?](https://geo.casa/playbooks/schema-ai-citations.md): Open question with a proposed method. Google states no special schema.org markup is required for its AI features. This entry is a research proposal and reports no results yet.

## Tools & Protocols

- [Tools & Protocols](https://geo.casa/tools-protocols.md): Protocols and files that sites publish for crawlers and AI systems — sitemaps, IndexNow, llms.txt — and what each one is documented to do.
- [Claim: llms.txt improves AI search visibility](https://geo.casa/tools-protocols/llms-txt.md): No major search platform documents using llms.txt for ranking or citation. Google says Google Search ignores the file, so it neither helps nor harms rankings there. llms.txt itself is a 2024 community proposal for a curated Markdown index of a site.
- [Claim: The Indexing API gets any page indexed fast](https://geo.casa/tools-protocols/indexing-api.md): Google's Indexing API only works for pages with JobPosting or BroadcastEvent embedded in a VideoObject. Submissions face spam detection, the default quota is 200 publish requests per day, and quota abuse can cost you access. For other pages, use sitemaps and URL Inspection.
- [XML sitemaps vs IndexNow](https://geo.casa/tools-protocols/sitemaps-vs-indexnow.md): Sitemaps and IndexNow solve different problems and can be used together. Sitemaps are a pull mechanism that crawlers read on their own schedule, while IndexNow pushes change notices to participating engines. Google does not participate in IndexNow.

## Optional

- [Google AI 功能、ChatGPT 搜索与 Perplexity 对比](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/ai-search/ai-search-platforms.md) (zh-CN)
- [国内 AI 助手引用哪些信源](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/ai-search/china-ai-platform-sources.md) (zh-CN)
- [Google AI 概览（AI Overviews）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/ai-search/google-ai-overviews.md) (zh-CN)
- [Google 探索（Discover）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/ai-search/google-discover.md) (zh-CN)
- [Google 搜索 AI 功能变更记录](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/ai-search/google-search-changes.md) (zh-CN)
- [说法核查：在网上铺品牌提及能提升 AI 可见度](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/ai-search/inauthentic-mentions.md) (zh-CN)
- [AI 搜索平台](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/ai-search.md) (zh-CN)
- [首选来源（Preferred sources）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/ai-search/preferred-sources.md) (zh-CN)
- [查询扇出（Query fan-out）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/ai-search/query-fan-out.md) (zh-CN)
- [搜索生成式 AI 控制](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/ai-search/search-generative-ai-control.md) (zh-CN)
- [从零开始为公司品牌做 GEO：90 天计划](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/brand-from-zero.md) (zh-CN)
- [国内 GEO 实战：豆包、元宝、千问、文心、DeepSeek 与 Kimi](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/china-platforms.md) (zh-CN)
- [找 GEO 服务商之前要知道的事](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/choose-agency.md) (zh-CN)
- [写给内容编辑：写出容易被 AI 摘引的文章](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/content-editor.md) (zh-CN)
- [出海品牌：国内与海外 GEO 如何分工](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/cross-border.md) (zh-CN)
- [文档站与开发者产品的 GEO 最佳实践](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/developer-docs.md) (zh-CN)
- [独立站电商（Shopify 等）：让商品被 AI 购物推荐与引用](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/ecommerce.md) (zh-CN)
- [海外 GEO 实战：Google AI 概览、ChatGPT、Perplexity 与 Copilot](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/global-platforms.md) (zh-CN)
- [最佳实践](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices.md) (zh-CN)
- [Next.js、Vue 等前端渲染站点：让 AI 爬虫读到正文](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/javascript-sites.md) (zh-CN)
- [本地门店的 GEO](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/local-business.md) (zh-CN)
- [写给市场负责人：怎么衡量 GEO、向老板汇报什么](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/measure-report.md) (zh-CN)
- [一个人、每周几小时：最小可行的 GEO](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/minimum-viable.md) (zh-CN)
- [新品牌冷启动：AI 为什么不提你，先做哪几件事](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/new-brand.md) (zh-CN)
- [公关与品牌：媒体报道、百科、问答平台和评测如何影响 AI 回答](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/pr-earned-media.md) (zh-CN)
- [医疗、法律、金融等高风险行业的合规 GEO](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/regulated-industries.md) (zh-CN)
- [技术/SEO 负责人的 GEO 最佳实践](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/technical-lead.md) (zh-CN)
- [WordPress 网站的 GEO 最佳实践](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/wordpress.md) (zh-CN)
- [品牌被 AI 说错了：发现、纠正与预防](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/best-practices/wrong-ai-answers.md) (zh-CN)
- [Article 结构化数据](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/article-structured-data.md) (zh-CN)
- [面包屑导航结构化数据](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/breadcrumb-structured-data.md) (zh-CN)
- [说法核查：内容必须为 AI 搜索切块和改写](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/chunking-content.md) (zh-CN)
- [Google 搜索中的网站图标（favicon）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/favicon.md) (zh-CN)
- [图片 SEO](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/image-seo.md) (zh-CN)
- [内容与结构化数据](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data.md) (zh-CN)
- [链接最佳实践](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/link-best-practices.md) (zh-CN)
- [Organization 结构化数据](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/organization-structured-data.md) (zh-CN)
- [规模化内容滥用（Scaled content abuse）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/scaled-content-abuse.md) (zh-CN)
- [网站声誉滥用与过期域名滥用](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/site-reputation-abuse.md) (zh-CN)
- [Google 垃圾内容政策](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/spam-policies.md) (zh-CN)
- [结构化数据与 AI 搜索](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/structured-data-ai-search.md) (zh-CN)
- [标题链接与摘要](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/title-links-snippets.md) (zh-CN)
- [视频 SEO](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/content-structured-data/video-seo.md) (zh-CN)
- [规范网址（canonical）信号](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/canonical-signals.md) (zh-CN)
- [抓取预算（Crawl budget）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/crawl-budget.md) (zh-CN)
- [爬虫文档变更记录](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/documentation-changes.md) (zh-CN)
- [说法核查：重复内容会让网站受到惩罚](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/duplicate-content-penalty.md) (zh-CN)
- [Google-Extended](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/google-extended.md) (zh-CN)
- [为多语言页面设置 hreflang](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/hreflang.md) (zh-CN)
- [抓取与索引](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing.md) (zh-CN)
- [让页面不出现在 Google 中](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/keep-out-of-google.md) (zh-CN)
- [移动设备优先索引](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/mobile-first-indexing.md) (zh-CN)
- [为 AI 爬虫配置 robots.txt](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/robots-txt-ai-crawlers.md) (zh-CN)
- [robots.txt](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/robots-txt.md) (zh-CN)
- [将网站迁移到新网址](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/site-moves.md) (zh-CN)
- [AI 概览与 AI 模式的摘要控制](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/snippet-controls.md) (zh-CN)
- [网址结构](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/url-structure.md) (zh-CN)
- [XML 站点地图（Sitemap）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/crawling-indexing/xml-sitemaps.md) (zh-CN)
- [说法核查：Google 会惩罚 AI 生成的内容](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/foundations/ai-generated-content.md) (zh-CN)
- [E-E-A-T](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/foundations/e-e-a-t.md) (zh-CN)
- [中国 GEO 监管与治理](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/foundations/geo-regulation-china.md) (zh-CN)
- [生成式引擎优化（GEO）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/foundations/geo.md) (zh-CN)
- [Google 搜索的工作原理](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/foundations/how-google-search-works.md) (zh-CN)
- [基础概念](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/foundations.md) (zh-CN)
- [以人为本的内容（People-first content）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/foundations/people-first-content.md) (zh-CN)
- [Google 搜索基本要求（Search Essentials）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/foundations/search-essentials.md) (zh-CN)
- [AI 智能体与你的网站](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/implementation/ai-agents.md) (zh-CN)
- [HTTP 状态码与爬虫](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/implementation/http-status-crawlers.md) (zh-CN)
- [技术实现](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/implementation.md) (zh-CN)
- [JavaScript 渲染与 AI 爬虫](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/implementation/javascript-rendering-ai-crawlers.md) (zh-CN)
- [页面体验与 Core Web Vitals](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/implementation/page-experience.md) (zh-CN)
- [在服务器日志中验证 AI 爬虫流量](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/implementation/verify-ai-crawlers.md) (zh-CN)
- [用提示词抽样测量 AI 可见度](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/measurement/ai-visibility-measurement.md) (zh-CN)
- [Bing AI 表现报告（AI Performance）](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/measurement/bing-ai-performance.md) (zh-CN)
- [度量与分析](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/measurement.md) (zh-CN)
- [网页索引编制报告](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/measurement/page-indexing-report.md) (zh-CN)
- [Search Console 效果报告](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/measurement/performance-report.md) (zh-CN)
- [Search Console 中的 AI 概览与 AI 模式数据](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/measurement/search-console-ai-features.md) (zh-CN)
- [说法核查：GEO 工具能看到你在 Google AI 内部的排名](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/measurement/third-party-ai-tools.md) (zh-CN)
- [网址检查工具](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/measurement/url-inspection.md) (zh-CN)
- [本站如何运作](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/methodology.md) (zh-CN)
- [AI 搜索可访问性检查](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/playbooks/ai-search-access-audit.md) (zh-CN)
- [实践与实验](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/playbooks.md) (zh-CN)
- [排查网页未被 Google 收录](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/playbooks/page-not-indexed.md) (zh-CN)
- [结构化数据会改变 AI 搜索引用吗？](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/playbooks/schema-ai-citations.md) (zh-CN)
- [工具与协议](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/tools-protocols.md) (zh-CN)
- [说法核查：用 Indexing API 能让任何网页快速被收录](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/tools-protocols/indexing-api.md) (zh-CN)
- [说法核查：llms.txt 能提升 AI 搜索可见度](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/tools-protocols/llms-txt.md) (zh-CN)
- [XML Sitemap 与 IndexNow 对比](https://geo.casa/zh-cn/tools-protocols/sitemaps-vs-indexnow.md) (zh-CN)